Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent drawn out war in Europe’s southeastern corner has forced European air forces to rapidly reconfigure and re-orientate to face a peer-level threat that many believed had disappeared at the end of the Cold War. With a need to operate in what is expected to be a more contested and congested environment, many air forces have had to invest in new platforms and weapons. This has provided new opportunities for the Lockheed Martin F-35, and for the Dassault Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon and Lockheed Martin F-16V. This brand-new special publication looks at European air power, country by country and fleet by fleet.