During the first half of the 19th century, the newly-formed countries of South America lived in a state of great political turmoil, since they fought against each other for defining the extension of their national territories. Four of them in particular were involved in a series of large-scale conflicts that shaped the history of South America forever: Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay. In this book, we will analyze the armies of the latter countries for the period 1825-1870, paying particular attention to the years of the bloody Paraguayan War (1864-1870). For the first time in English and outside South America, a single book will provide many details on four major non-European armies and will provide dozens of uniform plates showing all the incredible variety of the South American armies’ military dress. Regular and irregular contingents will be all covered, together with militia units and volunteer corps in a fantastic “military parade”.